What is Cataract?
Cataract is a common eye condition, particularly among older adults, characterised by the clouding of the native lens of individual eye. This can lead to a gradual decline in vision, impacting daily activities such as reading, driving and recognising faces. Cataracts develop slowly over time and can affect one or both eyes. It is important to have regular eye exams to detect early signs of cataracts.
Causes of Cataracts
The primary causes of cataracts is aging. As we age, the proteins in the eye's lens begin to break down and clump together, leading to cloudiness. This results in increase thickness, reduced transparency and a yellowish tint. However, other factors can accelerate cataract formation, including:
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1. Exposure to UV radiation
2. Diabetes
3. Smoking
4. Long-term use of drugs
5. Eye injuries or surgeries
6. Genetic
Symptoms of Cataracts
Cataracts typically progress slowly, and symptoms may not be noticeable at first. As the condition worsens, the following signs may emerge:
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1. Blurred or cloudy vision
2. Sensitivity to bright lights or glare
3. Faded or yellowed colours
4. Frequent changes in prescription glasses or contact lenses
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If left untreated, cataracts can lead to significant vision loss and in some cases, blindness.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Cataracts are diagnosed through a comprehensive eye examination, including:
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1. Visual acuity test: Assesses how well you can see at different distances
2. Slit-lamp examination: Uses a microscope to examine the structures at the front of your eye
3. Retinal Exam: Allows the doctor to check the health of the back of the eye (retina) and assess the severity of the cataract.
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The only effective treatment for cataracts is surgery. During cataract surgery, the cloudy natural lens is removed and replaced with a clear artificial lens, known as an intraocular lens (IOL) .
Preventing Cataracts
While cataracts cannot be entirely prevented, there are steps you can take to reduce your risk or slow their progression:
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1. Wear sunglasses with UV protection
2. Manage underlying health conditions, such as diabetes
3. Avoid smoking
4. Maintain a healthy diet rich in antioxidants, including fruits and vegetables
5. Have regular eye exams to detect early signs of cataracts